Bottas retained the lead from pole at the start and though he lost it briefly when he pitted first, he absorbed pressure from Hamilton to secure his third win of the season.
World champion Hamilton crossed the line 3.8 seconds adrift, with Ferrari's Sebastian Vettel completing the podium in third.
Once Bottas got through Turn 1 in the lead, he quickly opened up a one-second lead over Hamilton before gradually building it up to two seconds before the stops.
He was the first of the Mercedes drivers to pit, swapping the ultrasofts for supersofts and rejoining in second place.
Hamilton stayed out for three further laps, clocking the fastest lap in the process, but couldn't make up enough ground and rejoined behind Bottas.
The world champion attacked his teammate, briefly getting within DRS, but locked up at Turn 17, running off track before rejoining.
Hamilton kept up the pressure and even got within 0.5s after Bottas locked up but his team-mate responded by putting the hammer down and pulling away.
Hamilton crossed the line second to secure Mercedes's third one-two of the season.
Vettel had a quiet race, lapping the Yas Marina circuit in a lonely third place and ended up 19.3s adrift, ahead of Ferrari teammate Kimi Raikkonen.
Daniel Ricciardo was on course to finish fourth, but pulled off track and retired the car with a hydraulic problem shortly before the halfway point.
His teammate Max Verstappen finished fifth, just 0.8s behind Raikkonen, with Nico Hulkenberg sixth to secure sixth place in the constructors' championship for Renault.
The German escaped with a five-second time penalty for leaving the track and gaining an advantage when battling Sergio Perez.
His teammate Carlos Sainz retired for the fourth time in six races after the tea did not attach the front-left tyre properly at his pitstop.
Perez was seventh, 6.8s clear of Force India teammate Esteban Ocon.
Fernando Alonso signed off the McLaren-Honda partnership with ninth place, securing the team's third consecutive points finish.
Felipe Massa completed the 269th and final grand prix in the points with 10th and celebrated with a few donuts after the chequered flag.
Romain Grosjean was involved in the race's most entertaining battle, squabbling with Lance Stroll over 13th and coming out on top.
The Haas driver finished 11th, ahead of Stoffel Vandoorne with Kevin Magnussen recovering from a first lap spin that dropped him to the back of the field to finish 13th.
24-26 Nov 2017, Yas Marina Circuit, Yas Marina
1 | 77 | Valtteri Bottas | MERCEDES | 55 | 1:34:14.062 | 25 |
2 | 44 | Lewis Hamilton | MERCEDES | 55 | +3.899s | 18 |
3 | 5 | Sebastian Vettel | FERRARI | 55 | +19.330s | 15 |
4 | 7 | Kimi Räikkönen | FERRARI | 55 | +45.386s | 12 |
5 | 33 | Max Verstappen | RED BULL RACING TAG HEUER | 55 | +46.269s | 10 |
6 | 27 | Nico Hulkenberg | RENAULT | 55 | +85.713s | 8 |
7 | 11 | Sergio Perez | FORCE INDIA MERCEDES | 55 | +92.062s | 6 |
8 | 31 | Esteban Ocon | FORCE INDIA MERCEDES | 55 | +98.911s | 4 |
9 | 14 | Fernando Alonso | MCLAREN HONDA | 54 | +1 lap | 2 |
10 | 19 | Felipe Massa | WILLIAMS MERCEDES | 54 | +1 lap | 1 |
11 | 8 | Romain Grosjean | HAAS FERRARI | 54 | +1 lap | 0 |
12 | 2 | Stoffel Vandoorne | MCLAREN HONDA | 54 | +1 lap | 0 |
13 | 20 | Kevin Magnussen | HAAS FERRARI | 54 | +1 lap | 0 |
14 | 94 | Pascal Wehrlein | SAUBER FERRARI | 54 | +1 lap | 0 |
15 | 28 | Brendon Hartley | TORO ROSSO | 54 | +1 lap | 0 |
16 | 10 | Pierre Gasly | TORO ROSSO | 54 | +1 lap | 0 |
17 | 9 | Marcus Ericsson | SAUBER FERRARI | 54 | +1 lap | 0 |
18 | 18 | Lance Stroll | WILLIAMS MERCEDES | 54 | +1 lap | 0 |
NC | 55 | Carlos Sainz | RENAULT | 31 | DNF | 0 |
NC | 3 | Daniel Ricciardo | RED BULL RACING TAG HEUER | 20 | DNF | 0 |
1 | Lewis Hamilton | GBR | MERCEDES | 363 |
2 | Sebastian Vettel | GER | FERRARI | 317 |
3 | Valtteri Bottas | FIN | MERCEDES | 305 |
4 | Kimi Räikkönen | FIN | FERRARI | 205 |
5 | Daniel Ricciardo | AUS | RED BULL RACING TAG HEUER | 200 |
6 | Max Verstappen | NED | RED BULL RACING TAG HEUER | 168 |
7 | Sergio Perez | MEX | FORCE INDIA MERCEDES | 100 |
8 | Esteban Ocon | FRA | FORCE INDIA MERCEDES | 87 |
9 | Carlos Sainz | ESP | RENAULT | 54 |
10 | Nico Hulkenberg | GER | RENAULT | 43 |
11 | Felipe Massa | BRA | WILLIAMS MERCEDES | 43 |
12 | Lance Stroll | CAN | WILLIAMS MERCEDES | 40 |
13 | Romain Grosjean | FRA | HAAS FERRARI | 28 |
14 | Kevin Magnussen | DEN | HAAS FERRARI | 19 |
15 | Fernando Alonso | ESP | MCLAREN HONDA | 17 |
16 | Stoffel Vandoorne | BEL | MCLAREN HONDA | 13 |
17 | Jolyon Palmer | GBR | RENAULT | 8 |
18 | Pascal Wehrlein | GER | SAUBER FERRARI | 5 |
19 | Daniil Kvyat | RUS | TORO ROSSO | 5 |
20 | Marcus Ericsson | SWE | SAUBER FERRARI | 0 |
21 | Pierre Gasly | FRA | TORO ROSSO | 0 |
22 | Antonio Giovinazzi | ITA | SAUBER FERRARI | 0 |
23 | Brendon Hartley | NZL | TORO ROSSO | 0 |
1 | MERCEDES | 668 |
2 | FERRARI | 522 |
3 | RED BULL RACING TAG HEUER | 368 |
4 | FORCE INDIA MERCEDES | 187 |
5 | WILLIAMS MERCEDES | 83 |
6 | RENAULT | 57 |
7 | TORO ROSSO | 53 |
8 | HAAS FERRARI | 47 |
9 | MCLAREN HONDA | 30 |
10 | SAUBER FERRARI | 5 |
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